Hurricane

Hurricanes are among the most destructive natural disasters, impacting both coastal and inland areas with extreme weather conditions. These storms develop under specific atmospheric and oceanic conditions that allow them to grow in strength.

How hurricanes form

1. Warm ocean water – The sea surface temperature must be at least 26.5°C (80°F). Warm water provides heat and moisture, fueling the storm.
2. Low wind shear – Minimal variation in wind speed and direction allows the storm to maintain its structure. Strong wind shear can weaken or disrupt it.
3. High humidity and converging winds – Moist air supports cloud formation, while converging winds at the surface help initiate rotation.
4. Coriolis effect – The Earth’s rotation causes the storm to spin. Without this effect, hurricanes would not develop their characteristic rotation.

Hurricane categories

Hurricanes are classified using the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale based on their sustained wind speeds and potential for damage:

• Category 1 (74–95 mph / 119–153 km/h) – Minor damage; some coastal flooding, tree damage, and power outages.
• Category 2 (96–110 mph / 154–177 km/h) – Moderate damage; uprooted trees, significant roof damage, and prolonged power loss.
• Category 3 (111–129 mph / 178–208 km/h) – Extensive damage; major structural impacts, mobile homes destroyed, and widespread outages.
• Category 4 (130–156 mph / 209–251 km/h) – Severe damage; most trees uprooted, major infrastructure damage, and prolonged uninhabitable conditions.
• Category 5 (157+ mph / 252+ km/h) – Catastrophic damage; widespread destruction, buildings severely damaged or destroyed.

Higher categories pose greater risks of extreme winds, storm surges, and flooding, making preparation and evacuation critical. By understanding how hurricanes develop and behave, communities can take proactive measures to reduce damage and enhance disaster preparedness.

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